Osteopenia & Osteoporosis

What are osteopenia and osteoporosis?

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are conditions that affect bone strength and increase the risk of fractures. Osteopenia means bone density is lower than normal, while osteoporosis is more advanced, causing bones to become weak and fragile.

The main difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is how much bone density you’ve lost. Osteopenia is often an early warning sign that you’ll likely develop osteoporosis in the future.

When you have osteoporosis, it means your bones are much thinner and more likely to break, even from minor falls or everyday movements. Identifying osteopenia early can help prevent the progression to osteopenia.

Who is at risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis?

Osteopenia and osteoporosis risk increase with age, especially after 50. Women, particularly after menopause, are at higher risk, but men can also develop bone loss. Other risk factors include:

• Family history
• Low body weight
• Smoking
• Certain medications
• Low calcium or vitamin D levels
• Lack of physical activity

Both conditions are often referred to as silent diseases because they typically cause no symptoms initially, and many people don’t realize they have bone loss until a fracture occurs.

In advanced osteoporosis, individuals may experience back pain and height loss, then develop a stooped posture (dowager’s hump).

How are osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnosed?

Diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis involves a bone density test or DEXA scan. This painless procedure measures bone strength and helps determine your fracture risk. Lab tests may also be useful for identifying vitamin deficiencies or other medical causes of bone loss.

Dr. Raccuglia addresses bone health with prevention and early intervention in mind. He evaluates individual risk factors, reviews medications, and creates personalized plans to protect and strengthen bones.

What treatments help with osteopenia and osteoporosis?

Treatment may include weight-bearing exercise, improving balance, and quitting smoking. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation help to maintain bone strength. Prescription medications may be necessary to slow bone loss or improve bone density.

While osteopenia and osteoporosis are common with aging, early detection and consistent management can significantly reduce fracture risk. A proactive approach helps patients stay active, independent, and confident as they age.

To arrange your bone scan, call Joseph R. Raccuglia, MD, Family Medical Practice, or book an appointment online today.